A review of the Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Bi-W polymetallic ore from the Rudnik orefield, Central Serbia

2018
Authors
Stojanović, JovicaRadosavljević, Slobodan
Tošović, Radule D.
Pačevski, Aleksandar M.
Radosavljević-Mihajlović, Ana
Kašić, Vladan
Vuković, Nikola
Article (Published version)
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Show full item recordAbstract
The Rudnik orefield is one of the well-known skarn-replacement and
high-temperature hydrothermal Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Bi-W polymetallic sulfide
deposits, and is a part of the Šumadija Metallogenic District, Serbia. It
comprises ore bodies grouped into several major ore zones. The
pseudostratified and platelike ore bodies have relatively high content of
valuable metals. The average content varies in wide ranges: Pb (0.94-5.66
wt%), Zn (0.49-4.49 wt%), Cu (0.08-2.18 wt%), Ag (50-297 ppm), Bi (~100-150
ppm), and Cd (~100-150 ppm). Generally, a complex mineral association has
been determined. Iron sulfides, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite,
galena and sulfosalts are abundant minerals in the ore. Carrier minerals of
Bi and Ag are Bi-sulfosalts, such as galenobismutite, cosalite, Ag-bearing
aschamalmite, vikingite, schirmerite and gustavite. Copper, Ag and Pb-Sb
sulfosalts have been found only locally. Complex Ni-minerals (sulfides,
arsenides ...and sulfoarsenidеs) with Fe, Co and Ag were formed under to the
influence of present serpentine rocks and their yield of Ni, Co and Cr in
the hydrothermal ore-bearing solutions. Significant scheelite
mineralizations have been found in the Nova Jama, Gušavi Potok and Azna ore
zones. The presence of Bi-sulfosalts and argentopentlandite suggests
formation temperatures higher than 350, and lower than 445°C, respectively.
Therefore, the mineralization was formed in the temperature range 350 to
400°C. The continuity of pyrite, pyrrhotite and siderite colloform bands in
relic aggregates shows frequent changes of fS2 and fO2 in hydrothermal
solutions. Isotopic composition of sulfur also confirms that the source of
the ore-bearing fluids was magmatic. In addition, the enrichment of Bi and
Ag indicates a magmatic origin. The appearance of Biminerals represents a
significant genetic indicator for detection of increased Ag concentrations
within the ore mineralizations. Typical gangue minerals are quartz,
silicates, carbonates, oxides and different oxy-hydroxides. Special
attention is given to the paragenetic relationships and the genetic
significance of mineral associations as indicators of ore-forming conditions.
Keywords:
ore mineralogy / Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Bi-W polymetallic ore / sulfosalts / Rudnik orefield / SerbiaSource:
Geološki Anali Balkanskoga Poluostrva, 2018, 79, 1, 47-69Publisher:
- Univerzitet u Beogradu - Rudarsko-geološki fakultet, Beograd
Funding / projects:
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Institut za tehnologiju nuklearnih i drugih mineralnih sirovinaTY - JOUR AU - Stojanović, Jovica AU - Radosavljević, Slobodan AU - Tošović, Radule D. AU - Pačevski, Aleksandar M. AU - Radosavljević-Mihajlović, Ana AU - Kašić, Vladan AU - Vuković, Nikola PY - 2018 UR - https://ritnms.itnms.ac.rs/handle/123456789/470 AB - The Rudnik orefield is one of the well-known skarn-replacement and high-temperature hydrothermal Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Bi-W polymetallic sulfide deposits, and is a part of the Šumadija Metallogenic District, Serbia. It comprises ore bodies grouped into several major ore zones. The pseudostratified and platelike ore bodies have relatively high content of valuable metals. The average content varies in wide ranges: Pb (0.94-5.66 wt%), Zn (0.49-4.49 wt%), Cu (0.08-2.18 wt%), Ag (50-297 ppm), Bi (~100-150 ppm), and Cd (~100-150 ppm). Generally, a complex mineral association has been determined. Iron sulfides, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena and sulfosalts are abundant minerals in the ore. Carrier minerals of Bi and Ag are Bi-sulfosalts, such as galenobismutite, cosalite, Ag-bearing aschamalmite, vikingite, schirmerite and gustavite. Copper, Ag and Pb-Sb sulfosalts have been found only locally. Complex Ni-minerals (sulfides, arsenides and sulfoarsenidеs) with Fe, Co and Ag were formed under to the influence of present serpentine rocks and their yield of Ni, Co and Cr in the hydrothermal ore-bearing solutions. Significant scheelite mineralizations have been found in the Nova Jama, Gušavi Potok and Azna ore zones. The presence of Bi-sulfosalts and argentopentlandite suggests formation temperatures higher than 350, and lower than 445°C, respectively. Therefore, the mineralization was formed in the temperature range 350 to 400°C. The continuity of pyrite, pyrrhotite and siderite colloform bands in relic aggregates shows frequent changes of fS2 and fO2 in hydrothermal solutions. Isotopic composition of sulfur also confirms that the source of the ore-bearing fluids was magmatic. In addition, the enrichment of Bi and Ag indicates a magmatic origin. The appearance of Biminerals represents a significant genetic indicator for detection of increased Ag concentrations within the ore mineralizations. Typical gangue minerals are quartz, silicates, carbonates, oxides and different oxy-hydroxides. Special attention is given to the paragenetic relationships and the genetic significance of mineral associations as indicators of ore-forming conditions. PB - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Rudarsko-geološki fakultet, Beograd T2 - Geološki Anali Balkanskoga Poluostrva T1 - A review of the Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Bi-W polymetallic ore from the Rudnik orefield, Central Serbia EP - 69 IS - 1 SP - 47 VL - 79 DO - 10.2298/GABP1879047S UR - conv_1203 ER -
@article{ author = "Stojanović, Jovica and Radosavljević, Slobodan and Tošović, Radule D. and Pačevski, Aleksandar M. and Radosavljević-Mihajlović, Ana and Kašić, Vladan and Vuković, Nikola", year = "2018", abstract = "The Rudnik orefield is one of the well-known skarn-replacement and high-temperature hydrothermal Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Bi-W polymetallic sulfide deposits, and is a part of the Šumadija Metallogenic District, Serbia. It comprises ore bodies grouped into several major ore zones. The pseudostratified and platelike ore bodies have relatively high content of valuable metals. The average content varies in wide ranges: Pb (0.94-5.66 wt%), Zn (0.49-4.49 wt%), Cu (0.08-2.18 wt%), Ag (50-297 ppm), Bi (~100-150 ppm), and Cd (~100-150 ppm). Generally, a complex mineral association has been determined. Iron sulfides, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena and sulfosalts are abundant minerals in the ore. Carrier minerals of Bi and Ag are Bi-sulfosalts, such as galenobismutite, cosalite, Ag-bearing aschamalmite, vikingite, schirmerite and gustavite. Copper, Ag and Pb-Sb sulfosalts have been found only locally. Complex Ni-minerals (sulfides, arsenides and sulfoarsenidеs) with Fe, Co and Ag were formed under to the influence of present serpentine rocks and their yield of Ni, Co and Cr in the hydrothermal ore-bearing solutions. Significant scheelite mineralizations have been found in the Nova Jama, Gušavi Potok and Azna ore zones. The presence of Bi-sulfosalts and argentopentlandite suggests formation temperatures higher than 350, and lower than 445°C, respectively. Therefore, the mineralization was formed in the temperature range 350 to 400°C. The continuity of pyrite, pyrrhotite and siderite colloform bands in relic aggregates shows frequent changes of fS2 and fO2 in hydrothermal solutions. Isotopic composition of sulfur also confirms that the source of the ore-bearing fluids was magmatic. In addition, the enrichment of Bi and Ag indicates a magmatic origin. The appearance of Biminerals represents a significant genetic indicator for detection of increased Ag concentrations within the ore mineralizations. Typical gangue minerals are quartz, silicates, carbonates, oxides and different oxy-hydroxides. Special attention is given to the paragenetic relationships and the genetic significance of mineral associations as indicators of ore-forming conditions.", publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Rudarsko-geološki fakultet, Beograd", journal = "Geološki Anali Balkanskoga Poluostrva", title = "A review of the Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Bi-W polymetallic ore from the Rudnik orefield, Central Serbia", pages = "69-47", number = "1", volume = "79", doi = "10.2298/GABP1879047S", url = "conv_1203" }
Stojanović, J., Radosavljević, S., Tošović, R. D., Pačevski, A. M., Radosavljević-Mihajlović, A., Kašić, V.,& Vuković, N.. (2018). A review of the Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Bi-W polymetallic ore from the Rudnik orefield, Central Serbia. in Geološki Anali Balkanskoga Poluostrva Univerzitet u Beogradu - Rudarsko-geološki fakultet, Beograd., 79(1), 47-69. https://doi.org/10.2298/GABP1879047S conv_1203
Stojanović J, Radosavljević S, Tošović RD, Pačevski AM, Radosavljević-Mihajlović A, Kašić V, Vuković N. A review of the Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Bi-W polymetallic ore from the Rudnik orefield, Central Serbia. in Geološki Anali Balkanskoga Poluostrva. 2018;79(1):47-69. doi:10.2298/GABP1879047S conv_1203 .
Stojanović, Jovica, Radosavljević, Slobodan, Tošović, Radule D., Pačevski, Aleksandar M., Radosavljević-Mihajlović, Ana, Kašić, Vladan, Vuković, Nikola, "A review of the Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Bi-W polymetallic ore from the Rudnik orefield, Central Serbia" in Geološki Anali Balkanskoga Poluostrva, 79, no. 1 (2018):47-69, https://doi.org/10.2298/GABP1879047S ., conv_1203 .