The efficiency of in vitro adsorption of mycotoxins by adsorbents of plant origin

Abstract

The paper describes in vitro model for evaluation of ability of two adsorbents of plant origin, to adsorb different mycotoxins. Fresh harvested tissues of submerged aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum, obtained from Sava lake - Belgrade, was washed with HCl solution (3%) and then with distilled water. Plant material was afterwards dried for few days at room temperature, then for 6 hours at 50°C, crushed and sifted. Peach stones, obtained from "Vino Župa" - Aleksandrovac, were separated from soft fruit residues, washed, dried at room temperature, crushed and separated from kernels. The peach stones were further used as milled shell fractions. A total of six mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1 (AFL), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and T-2 toxin were tested in vitro. For adsorption experiments crude extracts of mycotoxins were used. The ability for binding mycotoxins was evaluated in the electrolyte 0.1 M K2HPO4 (pH 3.0 and 6.9, respectively). Mass ratio of individual mycotoxin and natural mineral adsorbent was 1:5000. The experimental mixtures were incubated for 1 hour on a rotary shaker (185 rpm) at room temperature (22-25°C). The extractions of nonadsorbed mycotoxins from the filtrates were performed with organic solvents, and their quantifications were done by thin-layer chromatography. M. spicatum bound more (94.7-96.0%) of applied AFL B1 than peach stones (73.3-80.0%). In the case of OTA higher adsorption indexes were observed by peach stones (50.0-66.7%). Binding of DON has been observed only by peach stones. Its adsorption index varied from 25.0 to 50.0% depending on the pH of the used electrolyte. M. spicatum adsorbed more ZON at pH 6.9 while peach stones adsorbed more ZON at pH 3.0. In the case of type A trichothecenes (DAS and T-2 toxin) adsorbents of plant origin bound only T-2 toxin. The amount of adsorbed T-2 toxin ranged from 16.7 (pH 3.0) to 33.33% (pH 6.9).