Geološke karakteristike ležišta zeolita “Toponica” kao sirovine za upotrebu u različitim oblastima ekologije

Abstract

Zeolite was discovered in 1756 by F. Axel Frederic Cronsted, a Swedish mineralogist . He named them after the Greek words “zein” and “lithos”, which means “boiling stone”. Zeolites are crystalline, hydrated aluminosilicates of alkaline and alkaline earth cations. They possess an infinite three-dimensional crystal structure. Zeolites are characterized by the ability to lose or receive wate. Also, they exchange some of their constitutional cations without any major structural changes [1]. The most important characteristics of natural zeolite minerals that enable their wide application in various areas of economic activities are: ability absorption , processes ionic changes and catalysis . Natural zeolites are one of the most economically significant groups of mineral raw materials due to their origin, physical and chemical properties, as well as structural characteristics. There are numerous fields of application of natural zeolites in ecosystems: in the removal of organic sulfur bound to oils, in air purification from SO 2 , CO 2 and nitrogen oxides. Zeolite is a material that, due to its properties, is used for removing cesium and strontium from soil contaminated with nuclear waste, in water purification, in the field of agriculture, veterinary medicine, as a construction material, etc. The deposits and occurrences of zeolitic tuffs in Serbia are related to Tertiary lacustrine volcanic-sedimentary and sedimentary complexes. They are related to the effusive activities of dacitic, dacito-andesitic and andesitic magmas. In this regard, the most important are: the Vranje, Toplic, Kruševac, Krivoreč, Sokobanj, Bogovin, West Moravian and Ibar basins, the eastern part of the Great Moravian Trench as well as the Fruška Gora area.